Running a test server

test-servers/ provides composable MCP servers so tests and manual checks exercise a real server over a real transport instead of mocks. A server is assembled from presets (fixture factories in test-servers/src/preset-registry.ts) and configured declaratively with a JSON file under test-servers/configs/.

The full catalogue of showcase configs — one per feature, each with what to click and what the broken build did — is docs/test-servers.md. This skill is how to run one.

Three ways to use a fixture — pick the right one first

A fixture is stood up in one of three shapes, and most of what follows is about the third. Establish which one you are in before reading further, because the showcase config file and the protocol-era table belong to that one alone.

⚠️ The cut is how the server is stood up, not who is driving. Automated and by-hand is the wrong axis: the composable-config shape has both kinds of consumer, and a smoke that spawns it needs every bit of the config and era guidance a person at two terminals does.

Shape	Server runs	Config file	Consumers
In-process HTTP	inside the test process, built from the API	none — options are constructor args	integration tests, CLI tests, smoke:cli
Spawned stdio	a child process the transport (or the binary under test) starts	none — the stdio fixture runs its default config	integration tests, the CLI suites, smoke:cli, smoke:tui
Spawned composable HTTP	a child process started with --config	yes — a showcase --config <name>.json	the web smokes, pack:verify, and a person by hand

⚠️ "A smoke" is not a shape — smoke:cli uses the first two and smoke:tui the second, while only the config-driven web smokes use the third. Pick by the row, never by the caller's category.

• In-process HTTP — createTestServerHttp. The caller constructs the server and owns its lifecycle. No subprocess, no JSON config, no showcase config to pick. This is the shape for anything needing HTTP/SSE, a specific tool set, or the modern handler — and it is not test-only: scripts/smoke-cli.mjs starts one in the smoke process so it can read back the headers the CLI sent.
• Spawned stdio — getTestMcpServerCommand(). The test hands the built fixture's { command, args } to a stdio transport (or to the built CLI), and the transport spawns it. A subprocess is started, but still no config file: that entry point runs the stdio server's default config, so there is nothing to pick. Reach for it when stdio is the point (InspectorClient over stdio, the CLI's out-of-process E2E suite) and the default tool set is enough. A caller may also just name the built entry rather than connect to it — smoke:cli and smoke:tui write it into a --catalog as { type: "stdio", command: node, args: [<built entry>] } — which is still this shape, and still the build.
• Spawned composable HTTP — server-composable.js --config <name>.json. Picking the showcase config and the protocol era applies to this shape, whoever starts it. Two consumers, and they differ only in who runs the second process:
  • A script. scripts/smoke-web-elicitation.mjs spawns it directly; scripts/lib/mcp-app-flow.mjs (startMcpAppServer) does it for smoke:web:app, smoke:web:tabs and pack:verify. These are automated and config-driven, and the whole of this skill applies to them. ⚠️ Not every smoke is here — smoke:cli and smoke:tui use the two shapes above and pick no config at all.
  • You, in a terminal, with the Inspector in another — Run one by hand below.

⚠️ The build applies to all three. Every shape resolves test-servers/build/ — the two API-driven ones through the @modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server alias, the composable one by running the emitted .js directly — so Build first and its stale-build hazard are not guidance for one path. Read that section whichever shape you are in.

Automated, in-process HTTP: build the server from the API

import {
  createTestServerHttp,
  type TestServerHttp,
  createTestServerInfo,
  createEchoTool,
} from "@modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server";

let server: TestServerHttp | null = null;

afterEach(async () => {
  // Stop it even when the assertion threw, or the port leaks into the next test.
  if (server) {
    try {
      await server.stop();
    } catch {
      // ignore
    }
    server = null;
  }
});

it("…", async () => {
  const started = createTestServerHttp({
    serverInfo: createTestServerInfo("excluded-tools-test", "1.0.0"),
    tools: [createEchoTool()],
    // `modern: {}` opts the fixture into the 2026-07-28 handler; omit it for legacy.
  });
  await started.start();
  server = started;

  // `started.url` is the bound URL — read it, never reconstruct it from a port.
  // …connect an InspectorClient to it and assert.
});

The reference test is clients/web/src/test/integration/mcp/inspectorClient-excluded-tools.test.ts — read it before writing a new one; it is the shape fixture-backed integration tests follow when the server is built in-process. (Stdio-backed ones follow the next subsection instead.)

Four mechanics of this path:

• The factories come from one barrel. createTestServerHttp / createTestServerStdio build the server; the create*Tool, create*Resource and create*Prompt fixtures in test-servers/src/test-server-fixtures.ts populate it; createTestServerInfo fills in serverInfo. Prefer an existing fixture factory to hand-writing a ToolDefinition — that is what makes the fixture a shared one.
• start() then stop(), and stop() in an afterEach. The server binds a real port, so a test that throws before stopping leaks it into the rest of the file.
• Read started.url. createTestServerHttp resolves through findAvailablePort(), which walks upward when the port is taken, so an assumed port is the same bug the two-process path has.
• Era is a constructor option, not a config file. modern: {} on the config object selects the modern handler; the client side picks its own negotiation (eraToVersionNegotiation). The showcase-config era table below does not apply.

⚠️ The barrel is an alias to the BUILD, not to the source — vitest.shared.mts maps @modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server to test-servers/build/index.js. So Build first applies to this path in full, stale-build hazard included: an edit to test-servers/src that is not rebuilt is invisible to an in-process test exactly as it is to a spawned one.

Automated, spawned stdio: hand over the command

import { getTestMcpServerCommand } from "@modelcontextprotocol/inspector-test-server";

const { command, args } = getTestMcpServerCommand();
const client = new InspectorClient(
  { type: "stdio", command, args },
  { environment: { transport: createTransportNode } },
);
await client.connect();
// … afterEach → client.disconnect(), which is what stops the child.

getTestMcpServerCommand() returns node <test-servers/build/test-server-stdio.js>. Three consequences:

• You do not own the process, the transport does. There is no start() / stop() pair — disconnecting the client is what reaps the child, so the afterEach that matters is client.disconnect().
• No config is selected and none can be. That entry point starts the stdio server on its default config, so the showcase-config table and the protocol-era guidance below do not apply. If the case needs a specific tool set or the modern handler, it is an in-process HTTP test, not this.
• It is still the build. The path comes from the module's own resolved location under the alias, so it is test-servers/build/, with the same staleness hazard.

The same command feeds the CLI's out-of-process E2E suite (clients/cli/__tests__/e2e.test.ts), which spawns the built CLI and lets it spawn the fixture. Reference tests for this shape: clients/web/src/test/integration/mcp/inspectorClient-response-rejected.test.ts and clients/cli/__tests__/methods.test.ts.

Build first

Every shape above resolves generated output — the in-process one imports the barrel, which is aliased to test-servers/build/index.js, and the stdio and composable-config ones run emitted .js as real subprocesses. So the build must exist whichever one you are in:

cd clients/web && npm run test-servers:build   # tsc -p test-servers → test-servers/build/

Scripts reach this through scripts/ensure-test-servers.mjs, which builds unconditionally (once per process per repo root).

⚠️ Unconditional emit is not a clean. A deleted source file leaves its stale .js behind, existence checks pass against it, and anything still importing that module silently runs the old code — reported not as staleness but as a product failure in whatever was being tested. So after deleting or renaming a source file:

rm -rf test-servers/build

The .tsbuildinfo is pinned inside build/ so that clean actually invalidates the cache.

Run one by hand (two processes)

This is the spawned composable HTTP shape from the section above, driven by you rather than by a smoke script — the config and era guidance is the same either way. Two processes: the test server, then the Inspector.

# 1. The server, from the repo root, with the config you picked:
node test-servers/build/server-composable.js --config test-servers/configs/<name>.json

# 2. The Inspector, in another terminal (needs a built launcher — `npm run build`):
node clients/launcher/build/index.js --web

Then add the server in the Inspector using the URL the first process announced.

Two mechanics that bite:

• The server announces its URL on stderr, not stdout (console.error in server-composable.ts). Watching stdout alone looks like a server that never started.
• The bound port is not necessarily the config's. createTestServerHttp resolves through findAvailablePort(), which walks upward when the configured port is taken — so read the announced URL rather than assuming.

Pick the right protocol era

Each config in docs/test-servers.md says which era to connect with. The default is legacy; configs setting transport.modern need Protocol Era = Modern. Connecting with the wrong era usually looks like a missing capability rather than an error.

Common starting points

Want to see	Config
An MCP App in the Apps tab	mcp-app-http.json (legacy)
An App-rendered elicitation	app-elicitation-http.json (legacy)
Mcp-* headers + the modern error taxonomy	modern-network-http.json
A tool result's structuredContent section	structured-output-http.json (legacy)
RFC 6570 resource-template expansion	rfc6570-templates-http.json
OAuth token revocation on clear	oauth-revocation-http.json (legacy)
A token endpoint the SDK refuses	oauth-insecure-token-endpoint-http.json (legacy)
Cancelling a call mid-flight	cancellation-modern-http.json (modern)

Adding a config or preset

• Presets live in test-servers/src/preset-registry.ts; configs in test-servers/configs/*.json.
• A new showcase config gets a row in docs/test-servers.md saying what to do and what the broken build did — the "what it looked like broken" half is what makes the fixture reproducible later.
• ⚠️ An outputSchema override must ride a tool that returns structured content. A conforming client validates the result against the advertised schema, so an override on a preset returning none makes every call fail with "declares an output schema but returned no structured content".