Shell Python Fallback

When to Use

Use this pattern when execute_code_sandbox or shell_agent tools consistently fail with "unknown error" for tasks such as:

• Data processing and transformation
• PDF generation (reportlab, etc.)
• File parsing and manipulation
• Any Python script execution that requires reliability

The Pattern

Instead of using code execution tools, embed your Python script directly in a run_shell command using a heredoc:

python3 << 'EOF'
# Your Python code here
import sys
print("Hello from embedded Python")
EOF

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Identify the failure: When execute_code_sandbox or shell_agent returns "unknown error" repeatedly (2+ attempts), switch to this fallback.

2. Write your Python script: Prepare the complete Python code you need to execute.

3. Embed in run_shell: Use run_shell with a heredoc syntax:

Command: python3 << 'EOF'
import json
# Your complete script here
data = {"key": "value"}
print(json.dumps(data))
EOF

4. Handle multi-line scripts: For longer scripts, ensure proper indentation is preserved. The heredoc preserves whitespace exactly.

5. Check output: Parse the stdout from run_shell to verify success or capture errors.

Example: PDF Generation

python3 << 'EOF'
from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

c = canvas.Canvas("output.pdf", pagesize=letter)
c.drawString(100, 750, "Hello World")
c.save()
print("PDF created successfully")
EOF

Example: Data Processing

python3 << 'EOF'
import csv
import json

data = []
with open('input.csv', 'r') as f:
    reader = csv.DictReader(f)
    for row in reader:
        data.append(row)

with open('output.json', 'w') as f:
    json.dump(data, f, indent=2)

print(f"Processed {len(data)} records")
EOF

Best Practices

• Quote the EOF delimiter (<< 'EOF' not << EOF) to prevent shell variable expansion in your Python code
• Include error handling in your Python script with try/except blocks
• Print status messages to stdout so you can verify execution succeeded
• Use absolute paths or ensure working directory is correct
• Test incrementally: Start with a minimal script, then expand

Troubleshooting

Issue	Solution
Script doesn't run	Ensure python3 is available in the shell environment
Indentation errors	Check that heredoc preserves spaces (use spaces, not tabs)
Module not found	Use python3 -m pip install <module> before running script
File not found	Use absolute paths or pwd to verify working directory

Why This Works

The run_shell tool executes commands directly in the system shell, bypassing the sandbox restrictions or internal errors that affect execute_code_sandbox and shell_agent. The heredoc approach allows multi-line Python scripts while keeping everything in a single shell command.