Migrating .NET Data Access Code from Oracle to PostgreSQL

Migrate the C# data access layer of a single .Postgres-copy project from Oracle (Oracle.ManagedDataAccess) to PostgreSQL (Npgsql). Work item by item through Reports/{ProjectName}/MigrationChecklist.md.

Prerequisites

• The .Postgres project copy exists (created in Phase 5 setup).
• Reports/{ProjectName}/MigrationChecklist.md exists and is the source of truth for what to change.
• Reports/{ProjectName}/OracleRiskAnalysis.md exists for cross-referencing behavioral differences.

Workflow

Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Replace NuGet packages
- [ ] Step 2: Update connection string configuration
- [ ] Step 3: Rewrite ADO.NET type references
- [ ] Step 4: Fix DbType mappings
- [ ] Step 5: Migrate stored procedure invocation
- [ ] Step 6: Address Oracle-specific SQL and syntax
- [ ] Step 7: Build and verify

Step 1: Replace NuGet packages

In the .csproj of the .Postgres project:

• Remove: Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Core, Oracle.EntityFrameworkCore (and any other Oracle.* packages)
• Add: Npgsql (for ADO.NET) and/or Npgsql.EntityFrameworkCore.PostgreSQL (for EF Core)
• Keep version pinning consistent with the target .NET version; do not introduce newer package versions than what the solution already uses for similar packages.
• If System.Data abstractions (IDbConnection, IDbCommand) are used project-wide, the surface-level code may need fewer changes — identify them first.

Step 2: Update connection string configuration

• Locate the Oracle connection string in appsettings.json, appsettings.{env}.json, web.config, app.config, or environment variable configuration.
• Replace with a Npgsql-compatible connection string: Host=localhost;Port=5432;Database=mydb;Username=myuser;Password=mypassword
• Do not hardcode credentials — use the same configuration mechanism already in use (e.g., environment variables, secrets manager, IConfiguration).
• Update any named connection string keys only if they were Oracle-specific (e.g., OracleConnection). Prefer keeping the same key name to minimize application config changes.

Step 3: Rewrite ADO.NET type references

Replace Oracle-specific ADO.NET types with Npgsql equivalents:

Oracle type	Npgsql replacement
OracleConnection	NpgsqlConnection
OracleCommand	NpgsqlCommand
OracleDataReader	NpgsqlDataReader
OracleDataAdapter	NpgsqlDataAdapter
OracleParameter	NpgsqlParameter
OracleTransaction	NpgsqlTransaction
OracleException	NpgsqlException
OracleDbType	NpgsqlDbType (from NpgsqlTypes namespace)

Update using directives accordingly (using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client → using Npgsql).

If the codebase uses IDbConnection/IDbCommand abstractions registered via DI, update only the DI registration and connection string — the consuming code may not need changes.

Step 4: Fix DbType and NpgsqlDbType mappings

Oracle parameter types do not map 1:1 to Npgsql. Review every OracleParameter (now NpgsqlParameter) that sets an explicit type:

Oracle type	Notes
OracleDbType.Varchar2	Use NpgsqlDbType.Varchar or omit (Npgsql infers from value)
OracleDbType.Clob	Use NpgsqlDbType.Text
OracleDbType.Number	Use NpgsqlDbType.Numeric or NpgsqlDbType.Integer depending on precision
OracleDbType.Date	Use NpgsqlDbType.Date (date only) or NpgsqlDbType.Timestamp (if time component used)
OracleDbType.TimeStamp	Use NpgsqlDbType.Timestamp
OracleDbType.RefCursor	Use NpgsqlDbType.Refcursor — see Step 5
OracleDbType.Char	Use NpgsqlDbType.Char

For parameters where Oracle inferred the type from the value, Npgsql also infers — explicit type setting is often unnecessary and can be removed.

Step 5: Migrate stored procedure invocation

Oracle and PostgreSQL stored procedure invocation differ significantly:

• Command type: Retain CommandType.StoredProcedure for function calls. For procedures that use OUT parameters, PostgreSQL requires CommandType.Text with CALL proc_name(...) syntax in some versions of Npgsql — verify against the target Npgsql version.
• RefCursor handling: Oracle returns ref cursors as output parameters; PostgreSQL returns them differently:
  • For RETURNS TABLE / RETURNS SETOF, use ExecuteReader() directly — no cursor parameter needed.
  • For RETURNS refcursor, call within a transaction, read the cursor name from the output parameter, then issue FETCH ALL IN "<cursor_name>".
  • Remove any Oracle-specific cursor-wrapping code (e.g., OracleRefCursor).
• OUT parameters: PostgreSQL stored procedures use INOUT or function return values. Verify parameter direction matches the migrated procedure signature.
• Sequence NEXTVAL: Replace SELECT {SEQUENCE}.NEXTVAL FROM DUAL with SELECT nextval('{sequence_name}').
• Named parameters: Npgsql uses @param_name; Oracle used :param_name. Update all parameter name prefixes.

Step 6: Address Oracle-specific SQL and C# patterns

Review inline SQL strings and query builders for Oracle-specific constructs and replace:

Oracle construct	PostgreSQL replacement
ROWNUM <= n	LIMIT n
ROWNUM = 1	LIMIT 1
NVL(x, y)	COALESCE(x, y)
DECODE(expr, v1, r1, ...)	CASE WHEN expr = v1 THEN r1 ... END
SYSDATE / SYSTIMESTAMP	NOW() or CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
TO_CHAR(date, fmt)	TO_CHAR(date, fmt) (mostly compatible; verify format strings)
TO_DATE(str, fmt)	TO_DATE(str, fmt) (verify format strings)
TO_NUMBER(str)	CAST(str AS NUMERIC) or str::NUMERIC
`
DUAL table	Remove FROM DUAL; PostgreSQL evaluates SELECT expr without a table
CONNECT BY hierarchy	Rewrite using recursive CTEs (WITH RECURSIVE)
MERGE INTO	Rewrite as INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE
Empty string '' as NULL	Oracle treats '' as NULL; PostgreSQL does not — check comparisons and IS NULL guards
VARCHAR2	VARCHAR or TEXT

Step 7: Build and verify

After addressing all checklist items:

1. Run dotnet build on the .Postgres project. Fix any remaining compilation errors.
2. Verify no Oracle-specific namespaces remain: search for Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, OracleConnection, OracleCommand, :param patterns.
3. Mark completed items in Reports/{ProjectName}/MigrationChecklist.md.

EF Core projects

If the project uses Oracle.EntityFrameworkCore:

• Replace the provider registration in DbContext configuration: .UseOracle(...) → .UseNpgsql(...)
• Replace OracleDbContextOptionsBuilder references.
• Review OnModelCreating for Oracle-specific configurations (e.g., HasColumnType("NUMBER") → HasColumnType("numeric")).
• Sequence configuration: modelBuilder.HasSequence<int>("seq_name").StartsAt(1).IncrementsBy(1) syntax is compatible; verify column defaults referencing sequences.
• Do not run EF Core migrations — schema is managed externally via DDL scripts (Phase 4).

Key Constraints

• Work only within the .Postgres copy — never modify the original Oracle-targeting project.
• Keep to existing .NET and C# versions; do not introduce newer language or runtime features.
• Preserve comments and application logic; change only what is necessary for PostgreSQL compatibility.
• Oracle is the source of truth — behavioral differences must be documented as bug reports, not silently altered.